Its More Than Just a Degree

            Career- readiness not only means there’s a title at hand, but specific skills, such as communication, organization, problem- solving, public speaking and management skills are learned. These basic skills are important for a career because it will allow students to excel in the work place. Skills such as these should be learned in high school and mastered quickly. According to the article “Meandering Toward Graduation”, the authors Marni Bromberg and Christina Theokas state that graduation rates have reached an all-time high but question why new college students are testing into remedial level work (Bromberg) Employers have reported that many high school graduates don’t have the basic foundation skills to start entry level positions. Workforce demands are also reaching an all-time high. In “A Path to Graduation for Every Child”, Sunny Deyé writes “It is predicted that the next generation of young people in this country will be less educated than the current generation, yet workforce demands are higher than ever.” (Deyé) This is alarming because in the next decade, 63 percent of jobs will most likely require post-secondary education and beyond. 

Works Cited

Bromberg, Marni and Theokas, Christina. “Meandering Toward Graduation: Transcript Outcomes of High School Graduates”. The Education Trust. 2016. The Education Trust. Oct 25, 2017.

Deyé, Sunny. “A Path to Graduation for Every Child.” National Conference of State Legislatures, National Conference of State Legislatures, Jan. 2011.

Remedial Education

One way to measure the effectiveness of public high school education is looking at the statistics of students enrolled in remedial classes and graduation rates. Remedial courses are classes that are below college-level work, but taken by college students. Students who fail to pass placement exams or do poorly on college admission exams, such as the SAT or ACT, are mandated to take remedial courses before starting their undergraduate studies. These courses are designed to help the students catch up on material necessary for college- level work.  The National Conference of State Legislatures found that the range of students enrolled in at least one remedial class is between 28 percent and 40 percent, and in community colleges specifically, the rate exceeds 50 percent of students. Also, when looking at the ACT exam in 2012, only 25 percent met the readiness standard, 5 percent of African Americans and 13 percent of Hispanics, met that standard. (“Hot”) These statistics show that our high students may be graduating with a diploma, but are still not competent for college level work. Sadly, some of the most common remedial classes are in reading and math, which can quickly lead to academic failure. “A U.S. Department of Ed­ucation study found that 58 percent of students who do not require remediation earn a bachelor’s degree, compared to only 17 percent of students enrolled in remedial reading and 27 percent of students enrolled in remedial math.” (“Hot”) Therefore, it is necessary for public school education to improve. 

Works Cited

“Hot Topics in Higher Education Reforming Remedial Education.” National Conference of State    Legislatures, National Conference of State Legislatures. ND.      www.ncsl.org/research/education/improving-college-completion-reforming-remedial.aspx. 6               Dec. 2017.

Ethical dilemmas experienced by healthcare workers within juvenile detention centers

While doing research on the impact of  solitary confinement for children and teens, a topic of interest that was not included is the ethical dilemmas faced by healthcare workers.

 Doctors, nurses and mental health professionals all take a vow of nonmaleficence or "Do no harm", but instead to do their best to help, heal and rehabilitate the patients in their care. For the clinicians who choose to work with incarcerated youth, the line can begin to blur when these young people are subject to the torture of solitary confinement. 

 Many studies have  proven that solitary confinement is psychologically and emotionally damaging to young people. It can cause severe trauma that can linger for many years. For teens with a history of any level of mental illness it can be devastating, even exacerbating previous conditions. Many other teens who are incarcerated also have histories of abuse and neglect, which makes them more vulnerable to trauma.

  Everyday, healthcare workers are faced with the task of balancing the lives and well-being of the children they care for and instutional policies. This constitutes a serious ethical issue, and maybe even a crime. Clinicians are put in place in order to consistently assess the mental health and total well being of  these children, also assume the responsibility to advocate for them, stand up to injustice and be a voice for them during this difficult time. As healthcare workers they are considered mandatory reporters and are required by law to report any type of child abuse, neglect or maltreatment. " Reporting laws make no expectations for the location of the practice or of the circumstances of the care being provided in a state sanctioned facility. Almost every state includes emotional abuse as one type of reportable maltreatment"(Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and Law).
  Working as a healthcare professional with incarcerated youth is an extremely difficult and stressful job. One can only imagine the terrible heartbreaking things that are seen each day And the priority must be given to the young lives that they have taken a vow to help protect.
  According to Guidelines from the World Health Organization and the National Commission on Correctional Health care, they "Recommend that clinician play no role in clearing inmates for placement in solitary confinement but recommend that clinicians try to ensure that such inmates, once placed, are provided close oversight and appropriate care with particular attention to the increased risk of suicide" (Journal of American Academy of Psychiatry and Law)

Work cited
Clark, Andrew "Juvenile solitary confinement as a form of child abuse" The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and Law 9/2017, web, 11/2017 

The different sources of noise

            The industrial and technological development of urban society is producing an increasing number of devices with higher and higher noise outputs.

1. Transportation

In New York City noise sources are multiplying rapidly, we assist to a constant increase of transport gears such as trucks, buses cars, aircraft, motorcycles…. Garbage trucks and early hour Jet flights produce noise that signals the beginning of each day. The bad temper of the taxi drivers is legendary. Noise produced from trains trucks is permanent without forgetting the siren of New York Fire Department vehicles and ambulances. By personal experience my first two weeks in my apartment next to Jerome avenue was such a hell, I could not sleep because of the continual noise that the 4 train produce every single two minutes.

1. People behavior

New York has one of the most active population in the world, making it blurring 24 hours/24. Neighbors’ loud music or television, talking and moving or dragging of furniture, children playing, people shouting on the streets. Sometimes noise that can disturb more is teenagers yelling and running on trains and buses going home from school.

1. Infrastructures

With the commercial and industrial development, constructions projects are not quiet. Construction companies noise has grown up. Buildings’ construction became one of the noisiest in New York. Employees yelling at the top of the building, use of equipment does not make less noise.

Topic #2 facts that I have uncovered that surprise me.

Many organizations in New York State and around the Country agree that isolating teens and children in solitary confinement is detrimental psychologically and emotionally. During my research on the use of solitary confinement for teenagers I was most surprised by the fact that many states, including New York are still using solitary confinement on young people, while institutional changes are being made to change the way that prisons deal with situations that used to be solved with solitary confinement. President Barack Obama signed an executive order to ban the use of solitary confinement for teenagers in federal prison, however no such order was signed for state and local facilities. Most young people who are incarcerated are in either state, local or private institutions, which means that they may still be subject to the harsh and cruel punishment of solitary confinement despite a federal ban. The United Nations has also stated that solitary confinement for teenagers is unconstitutional cruel and unusual punishment, but even today many youth in state, local and private jails are still held in solitary confinement. This was a shocking fact to uncover .

Doing Something Your Mom Died Doing

Usually, children are influenced by their parents, even if what the parent does is harmful, like smoking. But what happens when the parent dies from "smoking". The most interesting fact I have learned by researching how being from New York influenced Curtis James Jackson III (50 Cent), was that his mother died because she was involved in the drug game, but that didn't stop Jackson from pursuing anyway to conquer the streets. Although he does eventually try and find who killed his mom for selling to certain people, that is not his motive to hustle in the streets. Jackson just believed, if he wanted to get out of the streets, he must master being in 'em (Cent). 

Cent, 50. From Pieces to Weight Once upon a Time in Southside Queens. Paw Prints, 2008. Accessed Oct 24, 2014

number 4!

 "MS-13, one of the more violent U.S. gangs, was formed in Los Angeles in the 1980s and has since spread throughout the United States and North and Central America." (Ware). Reading this article opened my eyes because growing up, I was unaware of how many members were being recruited throughout the states. In my opinion, MS-13 seems to be the more prominent gang out of the top gangs due to their culture and the way they represent themselves in the street. For example, their tattoos, hand shakes, and language. I also feel as though they are easier to be targeted due to the president's recent request on deporting ALL "illegal" or "unauthorized" gang members. MS-13 is in fact the gang everyone wants to target.


Ware, Doug. "ICE: Violent NYC gang members arrested, face deportation". Galegroup. 6/14/17. United Press International. 11/15/2017.

High bridge research

       I don’t really see any gaps within my research. Everything I have found is pretty much everything you can find about the high bridge and its historical remembrance. It was a necessity to aid the movement of clean water to Manhattan and prevent the future effect of diseases in the past. As of about half a century now the bridge and aqueduct hasn’t been used to bring water any longer to Manhattan as new pipelines and water resources became available.

      The most surprising fact I discovered I believe would be about the water tower that was used as a controller to balance the water pressure coming from the aqueduct and being pumped within the city. I would always think it was some sort of lighthouse or watch tower for ships and passerby’s. I have lived in the highbridge community for almost my whole life so it really amazes me that I didn’t have the knowledge of its purpose of being a water tower. Since the city decommissioned the water supply from the croton aqueduct however the water tower and bridge hasn’t been used to supply water to the city for a good amount of years now. Most likely due to modern pipelines and water supply engineering. 

9/11 Recession

On September 11th 2001, I was only 4 years old. I've lived with the tragedy of 9/11 all my life, at first being to young to fully understand what happened to later constantly being reminded of it. Generally, most of the information I found the last few weeks I knew before researching or believed without having full knowledge of the facts. There were, however, a number of new facts that I learned about 9/11 that encouraged my research and point of view. One of the most surprising facts I discovered about my topic was that the stock market closed for 4 days following the attack causing many stocks to drop to historic lows and prolonged the ongoing recession. This was the longest the stock market was closed since the Great Depression. The recession had also began months earlier in the beginning of 2001 due to the Y2K scare. The market continued to slowly decline the next few years as the Dow hit new all time lows and unemployment reached 6 percent at the recessions peak (Amadeo).

Work cited 

Amadeo, Kimberly, "How the 9/11 Attack the Economy Today," thebalance.com, Sep. 11, 2017, 11/16/17

The Return

During my research, I have found out that at the end of this year the Discovery Channel will broadcast a new season of "Cash Cab" on "Monday, Dec. 4 at 10 p.m". Rubin The comedian, Ben Bailey is also likely to return to host as the taxi driver in the city of New York. In this new season, there are some planned guest appearances of celebrity to be cast a contestants along with natives in the city. Some celebrity guests may include "Matthew Perry, Brooke Shields, Gilbert Gottfried, and Jeff Garlin". (Rubin)

Work Sited

Rubin Rebecca : Last Update 11/08/2017
11/17/2017
Variety http://variety.com/2017/tv/news/tlc-trading-spaces-reunion-1202610038/s

9/11 attack and Bush Doctrine

For my research paper I found one more source. I found an article titled “On Its Fourth Anniversary, Experts Debate Wisdom of ‘Bush Doctrine’” published by the author, John Shaw. This article highlights that Since the American response to a 9/11 attack is closely related to President George Walker Bush, the actions taken by the United States after 9/11 can be equally termed the actions of President Bush. President George W. Bush released a white paper that seized the attention of the world in September of 2002.Conceived in the aftermath of 9/11 and first introduced in a series of speeches and statements by Bush and his administration over the course of a year, the so-called “Bush doctrine” was presented to the world in a document called “The National Security Strategy of the United States of America” in 2002. The Bush doctrine declared that the enemies of the United States are those that oppose the United States, and the nation would by all means try to respond to the attacks, going far as to launch an aggressive war against terrorism.

Works Cited

Shaw,John. “On Its Fourth Anniversary, Experts Debate Wisdom of ‘Bush Doctrine’”. http://katherine7.egloos.com/543633. 16 Sep. 2006. Web. 17 Nov. 2017.

Immigration Reform

        The most surprising detail I've learned so far is how closely the view of the America citizens of the early nineteenth century resemble those of modern times. Even at that time certain people felt the need to control what types of immigrants entered the United States, this not only included race but also job prospects, mental capacity and martial status. At this time many laws had been passed to limit the access of those in these categories. Ellis Island can attribute not only its strategic location in relation to Europe for its high volume, but also the Immigration Act of 1891, a law that required all immigrants to pass an inspection before entering The United States. The facility would open a year later, and change the entire narrative of the immigrant story

Restructuring Education

For my research paper I found one more source I think will benefit my paper. I found an article titled “New York has Rewritten the Common Core. Here’s What You Need to Know” by Stephen Sawchuk. This article highlights many changes that are being proposed to better the education system in the State of New York. The new standards still follow many of the important principles found in the Common Core Standards. The standards seek to push more complex topics from an early age and incorporate more play-based and “developmentally appropriate” academics, as the article refers to it (. In improving our early education system, it betters the overall system, providing well-educated high school graduates and potential college graduates. I found this article interesting because it shows that something is being done about improving our education system statewide. We should never forget that our children are the future and they are also fighting to get into prestigious Ivy League colleges, but this all begins with a solid education base.

Works Cited

Sawchuk, Stephen. “New York Has Rewritten the Common Core. Here's What You Need to Know.” Education Week - Curriculum Matters. 21 Sept. 2017 Web. 17 Nov. 2017.

New source

I have a few gaps in my research paper. I found an article on prb.org “Latinos and the changing face of America”, by Rogelio Sanz. His article has different sections and topics about the Latino population changing and the causes.  Which gives more information and other topics about the Latino  population to write about and look into.

According to “ Latinos and the changing face of America” Rogelio stated that the Latino population was 4 times greater greater than the U.S population over all. The Latino population has been growing since the 1990’s.  From the year 1990 to 2000 the Latino population growth rate increased to 58 percent having its population at 22.4 million to 35.3 million (Sanz).

Work cited

Sanz, Rogelio. “Latinos and the changing face of America.” Population Reference Bureau. Russell Sage Foundation and the Population Reference Bureau. N/D. 16 Nov 2017.

section 11

The animals that live in cold weathers as Alaska are adapted to a cold climate, therefore having a drastic change in the temperature as is stay it affect those animals. Not only it will affect them in a way where they will need to find another place where to be or to adapt to this but not all adapt, ⅔ of polar bears are estimated to die from now till 2015 because of how fast the ice floe is melting and how difficult is for the animals to find one

section 10

The amount of sea ice melt in some areas of  Alaska is affecting the animals living in that habitat.  The polar bears are animals that live in the water and past some time in the glacials of it environment because they mostly live in places where it is cold. In the past years the NASA have been doing some research with it satellite and have found that in places like Alaska the melting of the ice is causing the migration and extinction of some of the native animals of that environment as are the polar bears, it prey and the depredator of this specie have been affected as well with this problem.

 

"ice melt".icemelt.com.11/30/2016.NP.11/13/2017

section 9

      Climate change is a big issue that is affecting our planet, the human have a big part contributing to the drastic changes that have been happening in earth. Years before earth was part water part earth but now the things are changing, the poles are melting and there is more water than earth, this is a big problem because with the heat accumulating in the atmosphere and the carbon dioxide that is not leaving completely this make it more difficult to for the earth to release the heat and that allows more water to accumulate into the ocean. This water the is melting have a different temperature that cause the migration of a lot of species to others part of the ocean and the extinction of different habitats.

"climate change".www.climate.com. 01/25/2016.David morales.11/06/2017

topic 2

                  I feel that I have found lots of source material regarding my research topic, however, the most surprising fact that I uncovered about my topic was about Jay - Z's parents. His mother's name is Gloria Carter who worked for an investment company as a clerk. Jay - Z's father's name was Adnis Reeves who left the family when Jay - Z was just twelve years old. Jay -Z told Vibe, "To me, that was basically the end of our relationship". The relationship with his father served for many of his songs in which Jay -Z forgave his father for abandoning his family in 2003, just six months prior to his father passing away from a liver ailment.

 As I was doing my research paper finding the factors that created today Times Square, I had found many interesting characters that contributed to the creation of Times Square. Along with places and businesses such as, theater and the Times building. They all contributed to created Times Square or Long Ascra which was its name in the late 1880's and made it a splendid and famous place in New York. But one specific character that interested me was the Father Duffy. Because of the contribution he has done for the country, being in the Spanish war, father of a church and the founder of a church in the Bronx. I believe this individual has been an important character in Times Square and the country. Which today we have honors that have been dedicated and establish for him in Times Square, such as, Duffy’s Chaos and the Father Duffy’s status. Which are located on 42^nd street where thousands of people daily step in to take pictures. 

NEW SOURCE

Lately I have been having some trouble trying to find sources to prove individuals  get academically affected due to low income. So I found an article written by Carol J.Carter.

I've came to the conclusion that it all starts from the beginning.  In low-income households adults are less likely to hold high school diplomas or degrees of higher education, as a result students lack positive academic role models.So from young most children that live in a low income homes aren't exposed to things that are relevant toward school such as books. In middle income neighborhoods there are 13 books per child in the  household. But for children who live in low income homes that's not exactly the case. There is one book per every 300 children. In most cases middle class homes set high standards for their children from a very young age but for low income children school isn't exactly a priority. Children from low income families hear as many as 30 million fewer words by the age of 4 than their higher-income peers. According to The Southern Education Foundation,  51 percent of students in pre-kindergarten through 12th grade in the 2012-2013 school year were eligible for the federal program that provides free and or  reduced price lunches and the number continues to rise. This means that in public schools, a growing number of children start kindergarten already behind their more privileged peers and rarely, if ever, catch up. Due to their lack of support at home are more likely to lead their interest toward other things aside from school and eventually to drop out and never attend college. Eventually children from these low income families make families of their own and continue this horrendous cycle.

WORK CITED

Carter, Carol J, “Why Aren’t Low-Income Students Succeeding in School?”, Huffingtonpost.com, 03/19/2014, 11/14/2017, NP

Professor's placeholder

For posts 7 and 8.

New Source

I felt like I was missing some contrast on what was the difference of gun death rate in New York versus the highest gun death rate state that I found. So I researched for an article on the gun death rate in New York. The article said that in N.Y. the gun death rate was 12 per 100,000 versus the gun death rate of Alaska being 19.8 per 100,000 people. I was surprised to see that there was so much difference between them two. I'm planing to include that argument on my research paper that seems like a strong cause of why all of the state of New York gun laws are working. Another thing I noticed is that in the list I found on the states with the highest gun deaths almost all of the states on that list do not required a permit to buy a firearm. In N.Y. is does required to have a permit in order to buy a firearm and getting a permit in N.Y. is not at all an easy task.


"Death by gun: 20 states with the highest death by gun rates". CBS News. N/A

Hauser,Christine. "Gun death rate rises in 2016." The New York Times. pub. November 4, 2017.

Developing a Unique Structure

                                                                                                                           Stephenson 1

Marshana Stephenson

Professor Calderhead

November 10, 2017

                                                Developing a Unique Structure

    It was the mid 1800 when the John Roebling incorporated the idea about fabricating the bridge that adjoining the two boroughs in New York City, something that was unforeseen. Being a phenomenon engineer, he designed the first suspension bridge with twisted steel with cable wires weighing maintaining the structure the towers are formed from the base at 40-80 feet deep, the caissons that grip the towers together was a 3,000 tons wooden boxes at 276 feet neo-Gothic designed to withstand and storm at both ends.  

       He created a new era in engineering and construction by displaying his art work, the cables remain united with the towers, Tons of steel estimated at 11, 200 were used to build the footbridge where millions of people ventured today. Constructing the steel wires with a diameter of 15 inches thick is folded in 19 strands that composed a total of 5,434 steel wires, there are more that 14,400 miles of wires used for the suspender ropes. The total revenue that was used for the infrastructure was $10 million dollars, this money was well spend after over 150 years this bridge in still in place and thousands of vehicles make their voyage on it on a daily basis  

                                                              Work Cited

 Brooklyn Bridge, United States, Blogs.umb.edu. Web, 2017.

The Path Of Urban Teacher

The Path of Urban Teachers

Urban teachers are quietly to leave the schools because of the system. According to Haberman, the education system is failing because the system is not being efficient. Teachers are not taking their professions seriously, and can't even last long teaching urban students. Schools need urban teachers who are well trained in their skills of teaching and who know how to help students improve in the necessary area that they are lacking in. However, because urban teachers have higher demand, they sometimes cannot handle all the pressure and that is a major reason urban teacher are leaving their jobs so soon. A teacher must be well prepared to deal with students that have different backgrounds, culture, and style of life. 

Even their way of learning is very different from other students. Some teachers are used to teaching students who are advance and catch onto the lessen sooner than others, which is troublesome to the other kids because that teacher will tend to go at the pace of the more advanced students than the pace of the students who need more time and explaining to understand a lesson. The odds are stacked against success mainly because of poverty. Students who come from a very poor family tend to have to prioritize other things such as food, clothing, a job, and their survival, more than their education, so if push comes to shove, these students would find it easier to drop out of school to find a job. Also because of their financial situation, they would focus more on having the next meal for their family to eat than on the lesson. 

Students who are born in poor families don't get the education that others get, and are sometimes disregarded and even ignored by the upper class, because the upper class doesn't even give them a chance to prove themselves worthy. Not to mention that by being poor makes it harder to get a job because you may not have the knowledge necessary to do the job, and the owner may believer students of robbing them because you need the things for your family, even though stealing is far from your mind, but just because of your status, the upper-class men would think of you as untrustworthy.

Cited:

Haberman, Martin. “Selecting and Preparing Urban Teachers | Education News.” Http://Www.habermanfoundation.org/Articles/Default.aspx?Id=32, Martin Haberman, 28 Feb. 2005, www.bing.com/cr?IG=43E23069FEA6490D95634BAF09140786&CID=1322B31AEABE6E9C3B0BB82FEBB86FD1&rd=1&h=WKDHFV1sHrtPxsY3nxKDc9deHCEPUGT_nVPLnv04_5M&v=1&r=http%3a%2f%2fwww.educationviews.org%2fselecting-and-preparing-urban-teachers%2f&p=DevEx,5066.1.