Most people can understand that the time of adolescence is a transition period between childhood and adulthood, where physical attributes undergo changes. Children begin to grow taller and develop physical and sexual characteristics. However, another vital transformation is going on behind the scenes with tremendous neurological, emotional and cognitive changes taking place. This transition time, much like the adolescent physical changes are unique to each individual and occur between the ages of 10-25. (Implications)
Research has concluded that the Prefrontal cortex is the last part of the brain to mature, in the early to mid twenties. The Prefrontal cortex governs the executive function and reasoning, advanced thought and impulse control. It houses the sensibilities and behavioral control of the individual.(implications)
During this time of increased changes in the brain vulnerable populations are more at risk which includes children with underlying circumstances beyond their control. Examples of these populations include children/teens with psychiatric, developmental or emotional problems. Also at risk are teens with traumatic experiences in childhood such as ACS involvement, children born to drug addicted mothers, sexually abused and abusive and neglectful parents. Individuals already exposed to extreme stressors such as poverty, broken homes, poor educational opportunities and weak social and emotional networks within the home and community are also at great risk.(Adolescence)
Solitary confinement for young people can have serious consequences that are far reaching into the future, altering the life path of many. When a teen is under consistent stress from solitary confinement it does not allow the Prefrontal cortex to mature properly and functions such as impulse control are ultimately stunted.
In 2012, A task force appointed by the US Attorney General to report on children exposed to violence noted that " Nowhere is the damaging impact of incarceration on vulnerable children more obvious than when it involves solitary confinement. Juveniles experience paranoia and psychosis, depression, outbursts of anger, and cognitive/perceptual disturbances. Confined youth are most likely to attempt or actually commit suicide" (Solitary).
Works cited
"Adolescence, Brain development and legal culpability" American Bar Association, Juvenile Justice Center ; 1/04; web; 10/28/17
Shalev, Sharon "Solitary confinement as a prison health issue" World Health Organization; ND; web; 10/27/17
"What are the implications of adolescent brain development for juvenile justice" Coalition for Juvenile Justice ; 2006; web; 10/28/17
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